As global demand for eco-friendly food packaging grows, businesses in Australia are actively seeking sustainable alternatives that meet consumer expectations and comply with environmental regulations. Whether you’re a small café, a food manufacturer, or a packaging supplier, knowing how to make biodegradable packaging can position your business as a responsible player in a competitive market.
This guide explores everything from raw materials and production techniques to design considerations and supply chain integration—tailored for those wanting to lead in sustainable food packaging in Australia.
What is Biodegradable Food Packaging?
Biodegradable food packaging refers to materials that naturally break down into non-toxic components under composting or environmental conditions. Unlike conventional plastics, which take hundreds of years to decompose, biodegradable packaging breaks down in a matter of weeks or months, depending on the conditions and materials used.
Biodegradable options are particularly useful in foodservice, takeaway, and delivery sectors—offering convenience without lasting environmental damage.
Why Biodegradable Food Packaging Matters
Australians dispose of over 1.9 million tonnes of packaging waste annually, and food packaging accounts for a significant portion of that. With government-led initiatives like the 2025 National Packaging Targets, there’s increasing pressure on brands to embrace sustainable packaging design.
Benefits include:
- Reducing landfill waste
- Lowering carbon footprint
- Aligning with eco-conscious consumers
- Meeting retailer and regulatory standards
- Enhancing brand reputation
Raw Materials Used in Biodegradable Packaging
Understanding the materials is the first step in crafting effective biodegradable food packaging. The following are widely used for their compostability, food safety, and availability:
1. Polylactic Acid (PLA)
Derived from fermented plant starch (such as corn, cassava, or sugarcane), PLA is ideal for clear containers and film wraps. It’s compostable in industrial facilities but not always suitable for high-heat applications.
2. Bagasse
A by-product of sugarcane processing, bagasse is widely used in Australia for making sturdy clamshells, plates, and bowls. It withstands both heat and moisture—making it ideal for takeaway and delivery services.
3. Paperboard & Kraft Paper
Recyclable and biodegradable, these materials are commonly used in sandwich wraps, burger boxes, and drink trays. When lined with plant-based coatings instead of plastic, they maintain an eco-friendly status.
4. Moulded Fibre Pulp
Made from recycled paper, bamboo, or other natural fibres, moulded pulp is used in egg cartons, tray inserts, and even food containers. It’s biodegradable, compostable, and made using minimal energy.
How to Make Biodegradable Food Packaging: Step-by-Step Overview
Transitioning from concept to creation involves technical planning and environmentally conscious decision-making. Here’s a simplified overview of the process:
Step 1: Material Sourcing
Partner with reliable suppliers of certified biodegradable raw materials. For Australian businesses, local sourcing reduces transport emissions and supports domestic industries.
Tip: Look for certifications such as AS 4736 (the Australian Standard for Compostability) or the Seedling logo.
Step 2: Formulation & Testing
Work with a packaging engineer or lab to blend the chosen material (e.g., PLA with starch or fibre) into a mixture suitable for moulding, extruding, or pressing. Conduct strength, heat resistance, and permeability tests to ensure food safety and quality.
Step 3: Moulding or Sheet Extrusion
Depending on the desired product (tray, cup, box), choose the right method:
- Moulded pulp is shaped using heated metal tools and vacuum systems
- PLA or bioplastics are extruded into sheets and then thermoformed
Step 4: Printing & Branding
Use eco-friendly inks (soy or water-based) and digital printing to minimise waste. Sustainable branding should reflect the product’s values—informing customers that it is biodegradable and safe.
Step 5: Cutting, Folding & Assembly
Laser or die-cutting machines shape the packaging for assembly. Automated folding systems help streamline production while reducing handling contamination.
Step 6: Packaging & Storage
Store finished goods in humidity-controlled environments to prevent premature degradation, particularly for materials such as paperboard or bagasse.
Designing for Sustainability
Sustainable packaging design is not just about using the right materials. It’s about reducing the environmental impact at every stage.
Key design considerations:
- Material minimisation: Use only what’s necessary without compromising functionality.
- Mono-material use: Avoid combining plastic with paper, which complicates recycling.
- Stackable shapes: Save on transport and storage space.
- Clear labelling: Include “compostable” or “biodegradable” badges with disposal instructions.
At Premium Packaging, our design consultants help clients engineer solutions that are both functional and sustainable.
Packaging Supplies Sydney: Localising the Solution
Being a package supplier in Sydney means more than offering boxes and wraps. It means creating a responsible supply chain that supports Australia’s green economy.
At Premium Packaging, we provide:
- Biodegradable takeaway containers and cups
- Customisable eco-friendly wraps
- PLA-lined paper boxes
- Bagasse-based clamshells and bowls
With rising demand for packaging supplies in Sydney, local production ensures faster turnaround, lower freight emissions, and consistent compliance with environmental guidelines.
Challenges in Biodegradable Packaging Production
Like any innovative sector, producing biodegradable packaging comes with its challenges:
1. Cost Comparison
Biodegradable materials can be more expensive than conventional plastics due to the higher costs associated with sourcing and processing. However, bulk ordering and government incentives may offset this.
2. Shelf Life
Some biodegradable packaging has a shorter shelf life or lower barrier protection. This must be taken into account when planning the shelf life of food.
3. Compostability vs Recyclability
Biodegradable doesn’t always mean recyclable. It’s essential to educate consumers on the correct disposal method to avoid contamination of recycling streams.
4. Industrial Composting Requirements
Certain materials, like PLA, require industrial composting conditions. Without access to commercial facilities, breakdown may not occur as intended.
How to Educate Consumers
The success of biodegradable packaging depends partly on consumer awareness and education. Brands should include:
- Easy-to-understand labels (e.g., “Compostable in Industrial Facilities Only””)
- QR codes linking to disposal guides
- Visual disposal instructions on packaging
This ensures the environmental benefits extend beyond your warehouse.
Innovations on the Horizon
As sustainability continues to evolve, innovations in eco-friendly food packaging are reshaping the industry:
- Edible packaging: Made from seaweed, rice starch, or potato starch.
- Water-based coatings: A plastic-free alternative for waterproof packaging.
- Smart labels: Indicate freshness or biodegradation status.
Premium Packaging actively monitors new technologies and integrates proven solutions into our offering to meet the evolving demands of the Australian market.
Conclusion
Transitioning to biodegradable food packaging is no longer optional—it’s a necessary step for future-forward businesses. Whether you’re looking to develop your own sustainable packaging or source it locally, knowing the process, materials, and best practices will place your business ahead of regulatory and consumer demands.
Premium Packaging is your reliable partner in crafting eco-solutions that work. From raw materials to finished products, we help Australian food businesses deliver packaging that’s as thoughtful as the food it holds.
For tailored packaging solutions, reach out to Premium Packaging—your trusted package supplier and innovator in sustainable packaging design.
FAQs
1. What materials are best for biodegradable food packaging?
Bagasse, PLA, kraft paper, and moulded pulp are popular options. Each material has its strengths, depending on the application and type of food for which it is used.
2. How long does it take for biodegradable packaging to decompose?
It varies based on material and conditions. Industrial composting can break down PLA in under 90 days, while paper-based packaging can degrade in backyard compost in weeks.
3. Can biodegradable packaging hold hot or greasy food?
Yes. Bagasse and PLA-lined paperboard are suitable for hot and greasy food. However, confirm temperature thresholds with your supplier.
4. Is biodegradable packaging safe for food contact?
Absolutely. Most biodegradable packaging is certified food-safe. Look for compliance with local standards, such as the Food Standards Code in Australia.
5. How can businesses in Sydney source biodegradable packaging?
Premium Packaging provides a full range of eco-friendly packaging supplies in Sydney. We offer custom orders, fast delivery, and tailored consultations for food businesses.
6. Is biodegradable the same as compostable?
No. All compostable items are biodegradable, but not all biodegradable items meet the criteria for composting. Compostable packaging must break down into non-toxic elements and enrich the soil.
7. Does using biodegradable packaging reduce my business’s environmental footprint?
Yes. By switching to biodegradable options, your business reduces plastic pollution, supports circular economy practices, and improves brand image among conscious consumers.